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Spring 2018
ISSN 0890-913X
Volume 33, Number 1

An Economic and Pedagogical Defense of Gratuities

Anthony Gill, Political Science University of Washington
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/index.php?action=ajax&rs=GDMgetPage&rsargs[]=2018 Journal of Private Enterprise Vol 33 No 1 Spring parte6.pdf&rsargs[]=0
TheJournalofPrivateEnterprise33(1),2018,79102AnEconomicandPedagogicalDefenseofGratuitiesAnthonyGillPoliticalScienceUniversityofWashington______________________________________________________AbstractAfewupscalerestaurantsintheUnitedStateshaverecentlyendedthepracticeoftippingtheirwaitstaff,preferringafixed-labor-costmethodofcompensation.Thisattempttochangealongstandingculturalpracticepresentsafascinatingopportunitytoexploreeconomicconceptsincludingprincipal-agentproblems,gainsfromtrade,pricediscrimination,andculturalinstitutionsdesignedtobuildtrust.Iarguethattippingremainsaneconomicallyefficientwaytoprovidequalityservice:restaurantowners,waitstaff,andcustomersallbenefit.Thenormoftippingalsoprovidesanexcellentexampletoteachbasiceconomicprinciplestostudentsandfosterclassroomdiscussion.______________________________________________________JELCodes:A13,A20,J33Keywords:gratuities,tipping,principal-agentproblems,gainsfromtrade,pricediscrimination,socialnormsI.IntroductionAnewtrendissweepingtherestaurantindustry.ItisntthelatestIndiapalealeoravocadotoast.Norisitanovelwaytomakereservationswithasmartphone.Rather,itisamovementtoeliminatetherelianceongratuitiesasapartialformofcompensationforwaitstaff.Instead,someestablishmentsnowrelyonafixedlivingwage.”RestaurantssuchasIvarsSalmonHouseinSeattle,BarMarcoinPittsburgh,ChezPanisseinBerkeley,andmorethanadozenofDannyMeyerssit-downrestaurantsinNewYorkCityhavejumpedonthenogratuitiesbandwagon(Tu2015;Terenzio2015;Erbentraut2015;Passy2014).Besidestheostensibleconcernforthewaitstaffsfinancialwell-being,otherreasonsrestaurateurshavegivenforthispolicychangeincludecustomerpreference(Erbentraut2015);avoidingthemanagerialhassleofdividinggratuitiesamongotherworkersintheestablishment(Passy2014);happieremployees(Terenzio2015);andevenconcernsovermitigatingsexismandracism(Terenzio2015).Journalisticaccountsofrestaurants
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