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Spring 2014
ISSN 0890-913X
Volume 29, Number 2

A Note on the Market Provision of National Defense

Peter T. Leeson, George Mason University
Christopher J. Coyne, George Mason University
Thomas K. Duncan, Radford University
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TheJournalofPrivateEnterprise29(2),2014,5155ANoteontheMarketProvisionofNationalDefensePeterT.LeesonGeorgeMasonUniversityChristopherJ.CoyneGeorgeMasonUniversityThomasK.DuncanRadfordUniversity______________________________________________________AbstractMarket-providednationaldefensefamouslysuffersfromafree-riderproblem.Accordingtoconventionalwisdom,marketsmustthereforeunderprovidedefense.Wearguethatconventionalwisdomiswrong.Thefree-riderproblemthatplaguesnationaldefensealsoplaguesnationaloffense,leadingmarketstounderprovidethelatteraswell.Becausenationaloffenseistheraisondetreofnationaldefense,whetherornotmarketsprovidetheefficientlevelofdefensedependsontheseverityofthefree-riderprobleminitsproduction,andthusdefensesunderprovision,relativetotheseverityofthefree-riderproblemintheproductionofoffense,andthusoffensesunderprovision.Wherethefree-riderproblemconfrontedinproducingnationaloffenseismoreseverethanthatconfrontedinproducingnationaldefense,marketsproducetheefficientlevelofnationaldefense.______________________________________________________JELCodes:F52,H10,H40Keywords:Nationaldefense,Free-riderproblem,AnarchyI.IntroductionMarket-providednationaldefensefamouslysuffersfromafreeriderproblem.Technologiesfordefendinglargepopulationsagainstothernationsaggression,suchasantiballisticmissiles,generatenonexcludablebenefits.Nonpayerscantbeexcludedfromthesetechnologiesprotection,soself-interestedcitizenscontributenothing,oratleasttoolittle,totheirprovision.Conventionalwisdom51
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