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Summer 2017

ISSN 0890-913X

Volume 32, Number 2

Private Self-Employment under Reform Socialism in Cuba

Mario A. Gonzalez-Corzo, The City University of New York

Orlando Justo, The City University of New York

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TheJournalofPrivateEnterprise32(2),2017,45–82PrivateSelf-EmploymentunderReformSocialisminCubaMarioA.Gonzalez-CorzoTheCityUniversityofNewYorkOrlandoJustoTheCityUniversityofNewYork______________________________________________________AbstractTheexpansionofprivateself-employmentisoneofthemaineconomicmeasuresimplementedbytheCubangovernmentsince2010toupdateitssocialisteconomyunderauniquebrandof“reformsocialism.”Statepolicies(a“pushfactor”),aswellaseconomicincentivesandthedesireforgreatereconomicindependence(“pullfactors”)havecontributedtotheremarkablegrowthofself-employmentinCubasince2010.Whileemploymentinthestatesectorhasdeclinedsignificantly(13percent)since2010,self-employmenthasgrownbymorethan187percent,anditsshareoftotalemploymenthasincreasedfrom3percenttocloseto9percent.Despitetheseadvances,Cuba’sself-employedworkersfacesignificantobstaclesthatlimittheirgrowthandpotentialeconomiccontributions.Inadditiontoaddressingthesechallengesandobstacles,ensuringthesuccessofCuba’sself-employmentreformsrequiresreconceptualizingthestate’sattitudetowardself-employedworkersandtheirpotentialcontributionstoeconomicdevelopmentandgrowth.______________________________________________________JELCodes:P21,P23,P27,P30,P31Keywords:entrepreneurship,self-employment,transitioneconomies,CubaI.IntroductionTheexpansionofprivateself-employmentisoneoftheprincipaleconomicreformstrategiesimplementedbytheCubangovernmentto“update”thecountry’ssocialisteconomy.Inspiteofbeingtightlyregulated,privateself-employmenthasbeentoleratedandusedcyclicallyinperiodsofeconomicrecessionssincethe1959Cubanrevolution(Jatar-Hausmann1999;PérezVillanuevaandVidalAlejandro2012).Itwasoneoftheprincipaleconomicreformmeasuresimplementedtocopewiththeeconomiccrisiscausedbythefallofthecommunistbloc(CarranzaValdés,GutiérrezUrdaneta,

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Title	Private Self-Employment under Reform Socialism in Cuba
Authors/Creators:	Mario A. Gonzalez-Corzo, The City University of New York Orlando Justo, The City University of New York
Year:	2017
Volume:	32
Number:	2
Pages:	45 - 82
Publisher:	The Association of Private Enterprise Education
ISSN:	0890-913X
Document Type:	Articles
Keywords:	entrepreneurship, self-employment, transition economies, Cuba

Citation:
Gonzalez-Corzo, Mario A.; Justo, Orlando / 2017. "Private Self-Employment under Reform Socialism in Cuba." The Journal of Private Enterprise, 32(2): 45-82.