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Summer 2019

ISSN 0890-913X

Volume 34, Number 2

Categories: Summer 2019 | Property rights

Surface and Subsurface Property Rights in Minerals: The Continuing Conflict

Calvin A. Kent, Marshall University

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TheJournalofPrivateEnterprise34(2),2019,43–64SurfaceandSubsurfacePropertyRightsinMinerals:TheContinuingConflictCalvinA.Kent∗MarshallUniversity_____________________________________________________AbstractTheconflictsbetweenownersofsurfaceandsubsurfacemineralrightsaswellastheconflictsamongsubsurfacerightsownersarecontinuingissues.Mineralrightsusuallyareseveredfromsurfacerights,creatingconflictingrealpropertyrights:thosetothesurfaceandthosetothesubsurface.Theownersofthesubsurfacemineralrightshavethelegalrighttoextractthemineralsevenifextractioninvolvestheuseofthesurfaceowner’sland.Differentownersofsubsurfacemineralrightsinthesamereservoiralsoareofteninconflictregardingtherighttoextractthemineralinthecommonpool.Thispaperinvestigatesthesourcesoftheseconflicts,theremediesinbothcommonandstatutorylaw,andhowtheseremediesimpactanddefinepropertyrightsinoilandnaturalgasdevelopment.CommentisprovidedonwhethertheseconflictscouldhavebeenavoidedorreducediftheUnitedStateshadfollowedamarket-orientedphilosophy.______________________________________________________JELCodes:D92,H23,K11,P14,Q48Keywords:propertyrights,governmentpolicy,propertylaw,externalities,intertemporalfirmchoice“Secureprivatepropertyrightshavelongbeendemonstratedasthekeyforsustainedandprosperouseconomicgrowth.”—ShogrenandParkhurst2012,p.196I.IntroductionPropertyrightsdefinecapitalismandmarketeconomies(Alchian2008;DavisandNorth1971).Whatdifferentiatesnationsthatprosperfromthosethatdonotdependsonaguaranteeofproperty∗ThispaperwaspresentedatthefortiethannualmeetingoftheAssociationforPrivateEnterpriseEducation,Cancun,Mexico,April14,2015.PortionsofthisresearchwerecompletedwhiletheauthorwasaDavidC.LincolnFellowattheLincolnInstituteofLandPolicy.Theentirework,“StateandLocalAdValoremTaxationofMineralInterests,”workingpaperWP15CK1,canbedownloadedfromtheinstitute’swebsite.

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Title	Surface and Subsurface Property Rights in Minerals: The Continuing Conflict
Authors/Creators:	Calvin A. Kent, Marshall University
Year:	2019
Volume:	34
Number:	2
Pages:	43 - 64
Publisher:	The Association of Private Enterprise Education
ISSN:	0890-913X
Document Type:	Articles
Keywords:	property rights, government policy, property law, externalities, intertemporal firm choice

Citation:
Kent, Calvin A. / 2019. "Surface and Subsurface Property Rights in Minerals: The Continuing Conflict." The Journal of Private Enterprise, 34(2): 43-64.