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Winter 2024

ISSN 0890-913X

Volume 39, Number 4

The Political Externalities of Immigration: Evidence from the United States

Zachary Gochenour, James Madison University

Alexander Nowrasteh, Cato Institute

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Gochenour,ZacharyandAlexanderNowrasteh.2024.“ThePoliticalExternalitiesofImmigration:EvidencefromtheUnitedStates.”JournalofPrivateEnterprise,39(4):67–81.ThePoliticalExternalitiesofImmigration:EvidencefromtheUnitedStatesZacharyGochenour*JamesMadisonUniversityUnitedStatesofAmericaAlexanderNowrastehCatoInstituteUnitedStatesofAmericaAbstractInastandardmedianvotermodel,low-incomeimmigrationincreasesthesizeofthewelfarestate.Otherresearchsuggestsevidenceforagroupinterestvotermodel,whichpredictsthatwelfarewillshrinkwithanincreaseinlow-incomeimmigration.WecontendthatneithermodelaccuratelydescribespoliticalrealityaftertestingthesetheorieswithUSdatafrom1970to2010.WeuseavarietyofmeasuresforwelfareandrelatedpublicspendingsuchasTemporaryAssistanceforNeedyFamilies,K-12education,andMedicaid.ContrarytoexpectationsfrompreviousworkfocusedonEurope,wefindthattheamountofimmigrant-drivenheterogeneitydoesnothaveasignificanteffectonthesespendingareas,whetherconsideredintotalorpercapitaexpenditure.Thiscouldbebecauseofcountervailingpressuresfromthesetwomodelsofvotermotivationorbecauseoffactorsunrelatedtoimmigration,suchasdifferencesininstitutions.JELCodes:I3,H3,J1Keywords:behavioraleconomics;immigration;redistribution;politicaleconomy;publiceconomicsItisonethingtohavefreeimmigrationtojobs.Itisanotherthingtohavefreeimmigrationtowelfare.Andyoucannothaveboth.—MiltonFriedman1*TheauthorswishtothankDonBoudreaux,BryanCaplan,ScottCunningham,MarkKoyama,PeterLeeson,ThomasStratmann,SamWilson,andVipulNaikforhelpfulcommentsandKelleyRanager,PhilKuck,andMichelangeloLandgraveforexcellentresearchassistance.1Friedmanwasanadvocateoffreeimmigrationbutthoughtthatmostimmigrationwasonlygoodsolongasitremainedillegalsincetheseimmigrantswouldnotqualify

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Metadata [hide]

Title	The Political Externalities of Immigration: Evidence from the United States
Authors/Creators:	Zachary Gochenour, James Madison University Alexander Nowrasteh, Cato Institute
Year:	2024
Volume:	39
Number:	4
Pages:	67 - 81
Publisher:	The Association of Private Enterprise Education
ISSN:	0890-913X
Document Type:	Articles
Keywords:	behavioral economics; immigration; redistribution; political economy; public economics

Citation:
Gochenour, Zachary; Nowrasteh, Alexander / 2024. "The Political Externalities of Immigration: Evidence from the United States." The Journal of Private Enterprise, 39(4): 67-81.