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Fall 2011
ISSN 0890-913X
Volume 27, Number 1

Keynes and Hayek: Some Commonalities and Differences

Bruce Caldwell, Duke University
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TheJournalofPrivateEnterprise27(1),2011,17KeynesandHayek:SomeCommonalitiesandDifferencesBruceCaldwell*DukeUniversityAbstractInthispaperIwillreflectontherelationship,bothpersonalandintellectual,betweenJohnMaynardKeynesandFriedrichHayek.Althoughtheywereintellectualrivals,thehistoryoftheirrelationshipismorecomplexandnuancedthantheusualcharacterizationssuggest.JELCodes:B2,B31,B53Keywords:Keynes;Hayek;Relationship;Businesscycle;GovernmentinterventionInthispaperIwillreflectontherelationship,bothpersonalandintellectual,betweenJohnMaynardKeynesandFriedrichHayek.Thetwoaretypicallyportrayedasintellectualrivals,andthedifferencesbetweenthemjuxtaposedinratherbroadterms:Keynesasfavoringgovernmentregulationoftheeconomy,inparticularcontrolofthebusinesscyclebydeficitspendingduringadownturn;Hayekasfavoringafreemarketeconomywithminimalinterventionbythegovernment.Nowthoughtherearecertainlyelementsoftruthinsuchbroadportrayals,partofmygoalinthispaperistoestablishthattheactualhistorywas(asisusuallythecase)morecomplicated,morenuanced,andasanhistorianIamobligedtoadd,moreinteresting.SowhatabouttheactualKeynes-Hayekrelationship?ThefirstperhapssurprisingfacttonoteisthatwhenHayekwasacollegestudentinViennaafterWorldWarI,Keyneswasoneofhisheroes,ashewastomanycentralEuropeansafterthewar.ThiswasbecauseofKeynescondemnationoftheharshtermsoftheVersaillesPeaceTreatyinhisEconomicConsequencesofthePeace(Keynes,[1919]1971).Keynescriticismsofthetreatyhadlittleeffect,andHayekwas*ThispaperisaslightlyrevisedversionofatalkthatIgaveonFebruary17,2009,tocommemoratethecreationoftheCenterfortheHistoryofPoliticalEconomyatDukeUniversity.1
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