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Spring 2013
ISSN 0890-913X
Volume 28, Number 2

American Unionism and Freedom of Association

Charles Baird, California State University, East Bay
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TheJournalofPrivateEnterprise28(2),2013,121AmericanUnionismandFreedomofAssociationCharlesBairdCaliforniaStateUniversity,EastBayAbstractCorrectlyunderstood,PersonA'sfreedomofassociationistherighttoassociatewithanyotherperson(orgroupofpersons)whoiswillingtoassociatewithPersonA.Anyassociationnotbasedonmutualconsentisaforcedassociation.Manyunionapologistsspeakof"laborrights"ratherthanhumanrights,andincludeinlaborrights,rightsthatotherhumansdonothave.Moreover,intheirunderstanding,laborrightsand"unionrights"arethesame.Theyarewrongonbothcounts.TwofederallawstheNorrisLaGuardiaAct(NLA,1932)andtheNationalLaborRelationsAct(NLRA,1935,amended1947)—violatebothworkers'andemployers'freedomofassociation.OnewaytheNLAdoessoisbybanningunion-freehiringcontracts.TheprincipalwaytheNLRAdoessoisbyimposingexclusiverepresentationrulesonAmericanemployersandworkers.Anotherisitsimpositionofmandatorygoodfaithbargaining.(Thereareotherexamples,butIwillnotdiscussthemhere.)ActionstakenbyunionsundertheNLRAgofurthertoabrogatebothworkerandemployerfreedomofassociation.Especiallyimportanthereareconstantattemptbyunionstoforceemployersinto"neutrality"agreementsthrough"corporatecampaigns."Itisallanillicitefforttosilenceemployersduringunionorganizationcampaigns.SomeacademicunionapologistsclaimthattheNLRAistooweaktoprotectworkers'freedomofassociation.Todoso,theyassert,USlawmustcomportwithArticle20oftheUNDeclarationofHumanRightsandInternationalLaborOrganizationConventions87and98.Butacorrectunderstandingofthosedocumentsbeliestheirclaims.The2011EmployeeRightsActnowincommitteeinbothhousesofCongresswouldamelioratesomeofthetrespassesagainstfreedomofassociationinAmericanunionlaw,butitdoesnotgofarenough.ThebestpartsofNewZealand's1991EmploymentContractsActpointtomoreeffectivedefensesoffreedomofassociation.JELCodes:J41,J58,J83Keywords:Freedomofassociation;Voluntaryexchange;Forcedunionism1
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